What does the term "hyperechoic" refer to in ultrasound?

The term "hyperechoic" refers to tissues that reflect a greater amount of sound waves compared to surrounding structures, resulting in a brighter appearance on the ultrasound image. This increased reflectivity is due to the tissue's composition, such as a higher density or differing acoustic properties, which cause more sound waves to return to the transducer. For example, structures like bones or certain types of tumors may appear hyperechoic, allowing them to be distinguished from hypoechoic (darker) tissues nearby. This contrast is essential for identifying and assessing various anatomical features and potential pathologies during an ultrasound examination.